International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
Payal Mishra, Chitrasena Padhy, Nibedita Mishra, Shreya Chakraborty and Malluri Sai

abstract
Climate change undeniably the biggest environmental risk whose impact is serious to combat hunger, malnutrition, disease and poverty worldwide. Climate-resilient crops are crucial for adapting to climate change, benefiting farmers by enhancing production, productivity, income, and mitigating threats of crop failure through improved soil health and temperature tolerance. The ICAR's 'National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture' (NICRA) initiative strives to enhance climate resilience in the nation's vulnerable regions. Extension agents, through awareness and support, play a crucial role in helping farmers tackle diverse implications of global climate change. Small-scale producers embraced climate-resilient crops to combat abiotic stresses like drought, heat, flooding, and salinity. Analysis revealed that the primary drivers of adoption were the quality of extension services, education levels of household heads, access to inputs (especially seeds and fertilizers), and the socio-economic status of farming families. The significance of extension services in aiding smallholder farmers in overcoming agricultural challenges is paramount. Limited studies explore the development of capacities in agricultural extension agents to more effectively assist smallholders in managing climate risks. Climate change poses a critical threat to smallholder food production, necessitating increased attention. Consequently, agriculture must transition to a "climate-smart" approach, ensuring sustainable improvements in both productivity and incomes. This strategic shift is essential to alleviate the complex challenges posed by global climate change, safeguarding the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and contributing to a resilient and productive agricultural sector in the face of evolving environmental pressures. Fostering collaborative learning among farmers, researchers, and extension workers is crucial to adapt climate knowledge and disseminate Climate-Smart Agriculture practices. Conducting site-specific assessments ensures tailored technologies, promoting effective adaptation and resilience to climate challenges. Extension services play a pivotal role in assisting farmers to navigate the diverse impacts of global climate change. Through effective approaches, they raise awareness and educate farmers on various adaptation and mitigation strategies.