International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

The study investigates the socio-economic impact of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) on small and marginal farmers in northern Bihar, focusing on Muzaffarpur and Samastipur districts. These regions were chosen for their high poverty rates and limited resource accessibility, critical factors influencing the effectiveness of FPO interventions. Through a comprehensive analysis involving six selected FPOs and a diverse sample of 240 farmers, the research reveals significant insights. The findings indicate that FPO membership positively influences farmers' socio-economic conditions, enhancing livelihoods, income levels, and agricultural sustainability. Key demographic factors such as age distribution (predominantly middle-aged farmers), educational background (diverse, with a notable proportion having completed high school), and landholding sizes (dominated by small and marginal farmers) underscore the inclusive nature of FPOs in catering to varied farmer needs. Moreover, the study highlights the proactive engagement of FPO members in group activities, information-seeking behavior, and adoption of innovative farming practices, all contributing to improved decision-making, market access, and overall community resilience. These insights are crucial for policymakers and practitioners aiming to strengthen support mechanisms and optimize the impact of FPOs in transforming agricultural landscapes and enhancing rural livelihoods in disadvantaged regions like northern Bihar.