International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

author(s)
TK Nagarathna

abstract
The particle explores the evolution and challenges of Indian agriculture, highlighting the sector's significant progress from 50.82 million metric tons of food grain production in 1950 to a projected 329.68 million metric tons in 2022-23. Despite this growth, increasing population and food demand, limited resources, climate change, and socio-economic issues pose considerable challenges. The paper argues for a synergistic approach between public and private sectors to enhance agricultural productivity, efficiency, and resilience. Public investment, particularly in agricultural research and development, is critical for innovation, productivity improvement, and addressing climate change and resource scarcity. However, public investment has declined, necessitating increased private sector involvement. Private investment brings essential capital, technology, market access, risk mitigation, infrastructure development, and value chain integration, driving modernization and sustainability in agriculture. The paper underscores the need for supportive policies and a liberalized regulatory environment to encourage private and corporate sector investments. By nurturing collaboration and leveraging private capital and expertise, the Indian agriculture sector can achieve sustainable growth, improve food security, reduce poverty, and enhance rural prosperity.